Roof Rainwater Drainage Sizing (EN 12056-3)
Size roof outlets, downpipes and overflows with the EN 12056-3 method Q = r × A × C, with a worked flat-roof example and a quick flow table.
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MEP Design Guides
Practical, step-by-step MEP design guides with worked examples: sprinkler hydraulics, fire pumps, clean agent, heat loss, duct and pipe sizing, psychrometrics, VRF, fire alarm and electrical design.
RCD Types AC, A, F and B: Which One Where
What the RCD type letters mean, a one-table guide to choosing AC, A, F or B, sensitivity and type S, and why a type B circuit must never sit behind a type A RCD.
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Pressure Reducing Valve Stations: Layout and Settings
How to lay out and set a PRV station for a building’s water supply: pressure zones, set pressure, sizing, parallel branches and commissioning.
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Plumbing Vent Pipes: Why, Where and How Big
Why drainage needs vents, which vent type to use where, how big a vent must be under the IPC and EN 12056, and the limits of air admittance valves.
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12 Common Plumbing Design Mistakes
The twelve plumbing design mistakes we see most on drawings, from demand and pressure to stacks, vents, falls and access, and what to do instead.
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MEP Drawing Standards: Layers, Sheet Numbers, Title Blocks
A practical guide to MEP CAD conventions: AIA/NCS and ISO 13567 layer names, discipline and sheet-type numbering, ISO 19650 file names and the minimum title block content.
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MEP Coordination: A Practical Clash Checklist
A practical MEP coordination method: freeze levels, budget the ceiling void, agree routing priority, model insulation and access zones, then run grouped clash tests with owners.
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Manual Call Point Placement: Distances, Heights, Exits
Where manual call points go, how high to mount them and how to check walking distance on the plan, with EN 54-14 practice and the NFPA 72 equivalents side by side.
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Commercial Kitchen Hood Exhaust Airflow: Quick Sizing
Size commercial kitchen hood exhaust from hood length and appliance duty, then balance it with make-up air and size the grease duct, with a worked 4 m heavy-duty wall canopy at 2480 L/s.
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IP Ratings Explained: Choosing IP44, IP54, IP65 on Site
How to read the two IP digits, a location-by-location table of typical minimum ratings, and five site tips on cleaning, glands, cable entry, heat and IK.
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