EN 671 defines the hose reel product; NFPA 14 defines the whole system. What each covers, how coverage and pressure differ, and a layout that satisfies both.
Fire Hose Cabinets and Hose Valves: EN 671 vs NFPA 14 Read More »
Net volume = (sprinkler + hose) × duration: a worked OH2 example, minimum volumes for every hazard class and the extras that make up the gross tank size.
Fire Water Tank Sizing: Sprinklers plus Hose Streams Read More »
The ESFR limits to check before the specification is written: design basis, clearance, ceiling height, spacing and the warehouse conditions where ESFR fails.
ESFR Sprinklers: Quick Rules Before You Specify Them Read More »
How to pick K5.6, K8.0 or K11.2 from the density and spacing: one formula, one worked OH2 example and a pressure table for every hazard class.
Choosing the Sprinkler K-Factor Read More »
Ten checks for installing EV chargers, from supply capacity and load management to RCD type, open-PEN protection, cable sizing and commissioning tests.
EV Charger Installation: An Electrical Checklist Read More »
Why PV DC circuits need their own protection rules, and a worked 4-string example covering maximum voltage, string fuses, SPD, isolator and RCD type.
PV Systems: DC Isolation, Fuses and Earthing Basics Read More »
A quick UPS sizing method that checks kVA, kW and battery autonomy separately, with a 40 kW, 10-minute example and the rules of thumb behind it.
UPS Sizing: kVA, kW and Battery Autonomy in Practice Read More »
Choose cable glands from the cable’s real diameters, not its mm² size: sealing ranges, threads, IP, armour termination and earthing, materials and site tips.
Cable Gland Selection: Size, Armour, IP and Earthing Read More »
How to place air terminations with the rolling sphere and mesh methods, calculate the sphere sag between rods and the separation distance, with a rooftop example.
Lightning Protection Basics: Rolling Sphere and Mesh Method Read More »
EN 1838 / EN 50172 and NFPA 101 emergency lighting values side by side, what the difference means on a project, and where every luminaire must go.
Emergency Lighting: Quick Design Rules (EN 1838 / NFPA 101) Read More »